3D Foot Anthropometric Measurements Under Two Weight- Bearing Conditions for Ergonomic Design of Foot-Related Products / Mediciones Antropométricas del Pie en 3D Bajo Dos Condiciones de Soporte de Peso para el Diseño Ergonómico de Productos Relacionados con los Pies

SUMMARY: This study collected 3D models of the left and right feet from 317 Chinese youth (155 females and 162 males) under half weight-bearing and no weight-bearing conditions. Thirteen dimensions and one angle were taken for each sample. By measuring 13 foot dimensions and 1 angle, this study comprehensively investigated the differences in foot shape between genders and the bilateral differences, as well as the foot shape differences under different conditions. The results showed that regardless of the condition, male foot dimensions were significantly larger than those of females. However, female foot shape was not simply a scaled-down version of male foot shape. On the contrary, the average angle of female feet was greater than that of males under both conditions, indicating a higher prevalence of hallux valgus in females. Both males and females exhibited significant correlation in foot dimensions between the left and right feet, with minimal differences. Under the half weight-bearing condition, the average foot length, width, and circumference were significantly larger than the corresponding measurements under the no weight-bearing condition, while the average height and angle were significantly smaller. Therefore, when designing footwear and foot-related medical rehabilitation aids, it is important to consider foot shape and dimensions under different conditions as a reference. The results of this study provide manufacturers of foot- related products with more detailed data support and are of significant value to the field of medical foot morphology research.

Este estudio recolectó modelos 3D de los pies izquierdo y derecho de 317 jóvenes chinos (155 mujeres y 162 hombres) en condiciones de carga media de peso y sin carga de peso. Para cada muestra se tomaron trece dimensiones y un ángulo. Al medir 13 dimensiones del pie y 1 ángulo, se investigó exhaustivamente las diferencias en la forma del pie entre ambos sexos y sus diferencias bilaterales, así como las diferencias en la forma del pie en diferentes condiciones. Los resultados mostraron que, independientemente de la condición, las dimensiones del pie de los hombres, estos eran significativamente más grandes que los de las mujeres. Sin embargo, la forma del pie femenino no era simplemente una versión reducida de la forma del pie masculino. Por el contrario, el ángulo promedio de los pies de las mujeres fue mayor que el de los hombres en ambas condiciones, lo que indica una mayor prevalencia de hallux valgus en las mujeres. Tanto hombres como mujeres exhibieron una correlación significativa en las dimensiones del pie, entre el pie izquierdo y el derecho, con diferencias mínimas. Bajo la condición de medio soporte de peso, la longitud, el ancho y la circunferencia promedio del pie fueron significativamente mayores que las medidas correspondientes bajo la condición sin soporte de peso, mientras que la altura y el ángulo promedio fueron significativamente más pequeños. Por lo tanto, al diseñar calzado y dispositivos médicos de rehabilitación relacionados con los pies, es importante tener en consideración la forma y las dimensiones del pie en diferentes condiciones como referencia. Los resultados de este estudio, brindan a los fabricantes de productos relacionados con los pies un soporte de datos más detallado y son de gran valor para el campo de la investigación médica de la morfología del pie.

Quantitative grading evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of asymmetric bilateral lateral rectus recession in type Ⅲ Duane retraction syndrome / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To quantitatively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the asymmetric recession of bilateral lateral rectus in patients with unilateral type III Duane retraction syndrome.METHOD:Retrospective analysis of clinical data. The clinical data of 12 cases of type III Duane retraction syndrome with unilateral lateral rectus recession were analyzed. All subjects had restricted internal rotation, with narrowing of the palpebral fissure and vertical deviation, and restricted external rotation with widening of the palpebral fissure. All patients had abnormal head positions. The degree of strabismus was measured while maintaining the head in a neutral position. Asymmetric recession of bilateral lateral rectus was selected based on the degree of strabismus of affected eye or 1～3mm longer, with a smaller recession and Y-splitting in the affected eye and a larger recession in the healthy eye.RESULT:The difference in the degree of strabismus in the healthy eyes before and after surgery was statistically significant(Z=-4.158, P<0.01), as was the difference in the degree of restricted internal rotation(Z=-2.640, P=0.008). The difference in the degree of restricted external rotation was not statistically significant(Z=-1.732, P=0.083). The difference in abnormal head position was statistically significant(Z=-4.181, P<0.01), while the difference in eyeball recession was not statistically significant(Z=-1.414, P=0.157). The difference in vertical deviation was statistically significant(Z=-3.115, P=0.002). A total of 10 patients(83%)had stereoscopic vision before surgery, and 11 patients(92%)had recovered stereoscopic vision after surgery, with a further improvement in stereoacuity in 50% of patients.CONCLUSION:Asymmetric recession of bilateral lateral rectus combined with Y-splitting of the affected lateral rectus can effectively improve the degree of strabismus, abnormal head position, vertical deviation and stereoacuity without aggravating the degree of restriction of external rotation or eyeball recession.

Acute kidney injury in hospitalized adults with chronic kidney disease: comparing cROCK, KDIGO, and combined criteria

Acute-on-chronic kidney disease (ACKD) increases the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a novel criteria of reference change value of the serum creatinine optimized criteria for acute kidney injury in CKD (cROCK) to detect ACKD patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with a 3-year follow-up. All included patients with CKD stage 3 were evaluated using cROCK, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and their combined criteria. The renal composite endpoints, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and all-cause mortality were recorded as clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 812 patients was enrolled. The cROCK criteria detected more ACKD events than did the KDIGO (68.0% vs. 59.5%, p < 0.001). Compared to KDIGO (−) & cROCK (−) group, ACKD patients diagnosed by cROCK had significantly higher hazard ratio [HR] for renal composite endpoints (HR, 3.591; p < 0.001), MACEs (HR, 1.748; p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (HR, 2.985; p < 0.001). The patients in KDIGO (+) & cROCK (+) group had the lowest survival probability when considering renal composite endpoints, MACEs, and all-cause mortality (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, cROCK resulted in the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting renal composite endpoints, and the combined criteria led to the largest AUC for predicting MACEs and allcause mortality. Conclusion: Compared to the KDIGO, the cROCK detected more ACKD events. Combining both cROCK and KDIGO criteria might improve the predictive ability for long-term outcomes in ACKD patients.

Influencing factors of iron metabolism assessment in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: A retrospective study / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of iron metabolism assessment in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Methods: MRI and/or DECT were used to detect liver and cardiac iron content in 181 patients with MDS, among whom, 41 received regular iron chelation therapy during two examinations. The adjusted ferritin (ASF) , erythropoietin (EPO) , cardiac function, liver transaminase, hepatitis antibody, and peripheral blood T cell polarization were detected and the results of myelofibrosis, splenomegaly, and cyclosporine were collected and comparative analyzed in patients. Results: We observed a positive correlation between liver iron concentration and ASF both in the MRI group and DECT groups (r=0.512 and 0.606, respectively, P<0.001) , only a weak correlation between the heart iron concentration and ASF in the MRI group (r=0.303, P<0.001) , and no significant correlation between cardiac iron concentration and ASF in the DECT group (r=0.231, P=0.053) . Moreover, transfusion dependence in liver and cardiac [MRI group was significantly associated with the concentration of iron in: LIC: (28.370±10.706) mg/g vs (7.593±3.508) mg/g, t=24.30, P<0.001; MIC: 1.81 vs 0.95, z=2.625, P<0.05; DECT group: liver VIC: (4.269±1.258) g/L vs (1.078±0.383) g/L, t=23.14, P<0.001: cardiac VIC: 1.69 vs 0.68, z=3.142, P<0.05]. The concentration of EPO in the severe iron overload group was significantly higher than that in the mild to moderate iron overload group and normal group (P<0.001) . Compared to the low-risk MDS group, the liver iron concentration in patients with MDS with cyclic sideroblasts (MDS-RS) was significantly elevated [DECT group: 3.80 (1.97, 5.51) g/L vs 1.66 (0.67, 2.94) g/L, P=0.004; MRI group: 13.7 (8.1,29.1) mg/g vs 11.6 (7.1,21.1) mg/g, P=0.032]. Factors including age, bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, T cell polarization, use of cyclosporine A, liver aminotransferase, and hepatitis antibody positive had no obvious effect on iron metabolism. Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between liver iron concentration and ASF in patients with MDS, whereas there was no significant correlation between cardiac iron concentration and ASF. Iron metabolism was affected by transfusion dependence, EPO concentration, and RS.

Medical services for sports injuries and illnesses in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was the second Games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic. To a certain extent, it has altered the way sporting activities operate. There is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games in Beijing from February 4 to 20, 2022. METHODS: We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by Beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic, medical venues, and ambulance. We calculated injury and illness incidence as the number of injuries or illnesses occurring during competition or training, respectively, with incidence presented as injuries/illnesses per 100 athlete-days. RESULTS: In total, 2,897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness. Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses, equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 11％ of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3％ incurred at least one illness. The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports (n=104), followed by alpine skiing (n=53), ice track (n=37), freestyle skiing (n=36), and ice hockey (n=35), and was the lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines (n=20). Of the 326 injuries, 14 (4.3％) led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week. A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care. The number of athletes with illness (n=80) was the highest for skating (n=33) and Nordic skiing (n=22). A total of 50 illnesses (62.5％) were admitted to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology, and the most common cause of illness was other causes, including preexisting illness and medicine (n=52, 65％). CONCLUSION: Overall, 11％ of athletes incurred at least one injury during the Games, which is similar to the findings during the Olympic Winter Games in 2014 and 2018. Regarding illness, 2％ of athletes were affected, which is approximately one-third of the number affected in the 2018 Olympic Winter Games.

Clinical analysis of golimumab in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular involvement in Behcet syndrome / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effectiveness and safety of golimumab in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular Behcet syndrome (BS).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of nine patients diagnosed with severe/refractory cardiovascular BS and treated with golimumab from February 2018 to July 2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. We analyzed levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), imaging findings, and the doses of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents during the period of combined treatment with golimumab.@*RESULTS@#Nine patients were enrolled, including 8 males and 1 female, with a mean age and median course of (37.0±8.6) years and 120 (60, 132) months, respectively. Seven patients presented with severe aortic regurgitation combined with other cardiovascular involvement secondary to BS. Two patients presented with large vessel involvement, including multiple aneurysms and vein thrombosis. Prior to golimumab treatment, seven patients were treated with glucocorticoids and multiple immunosuppres-sants [with a median number of 3 (1, 3) types] while still experienced disease progression or elevated inflammation biomarkers during postoperative period. Eight patients with disease progression, uncontrolled inflammation and history of severe postoperative complications required effective and fast control of inflammation during perioperative period. One patient had adverse reaction with tocilizumab and switched to golimumab during perioperative period. The patients were treated with golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks, along with concomitant treatment of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants. After a median follow-up of (16.3±5.6) months, all the patients achieved clinical improvement. Vascular lesions were radiologically stable and no vascular progressive or newly-onset of vascular lesions was observed. The eight patients who experienced cardiac or vascular operations showed no evidence of postoperative complications. The ESR and hsCRP levels decreased significantly [16.5 (6.8, 52.5) mm/h vs. 4 (2, 7) mm/h, and 21.24 (0.93, 32.51) mg/L vs. 0.58 (0.37, 1.79) mg/L (P < 0.05), respectively]. The dose of prednisone was tapered from 35 (15, 60) mg/d to 10.0 (10.0, 12.5) mg/d. No prominent adverse reactions were observed.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study suggests that golimumab is effective in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular BS. Combination immunosuppression therapy with golimumab contributes to control of inflammation, reduction of postoperative complications and tapering the dose of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect lungs from smoke inhalation injury by differentiating into alveolar epithelial cells via Notch signaling

To examine the protective effect of transplanting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in treating lung injuryinduced by smoke exposure and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this protection. SD rats were randomlydivided into four groups: normal group, normal ? BMSCGFP group, smoke group, and smoke ? BMSCGFP group. Todetect lung injury, we measured arterial blood gas, the wet-to-dry weight ratio, and levels of interleukin-1b, tumor necrosisfactor-a, interleukin-10, and interleukin-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. We also conductedhistopathology examinations. The protein markers of alveolar epithelial cells were measured to determine the BMSCdifferentiation. The protein levels of Notch1, Jagged-1, and Hes-1 also were detected. In the present study, BMSCtransplantation significantly decreased the wet-dry weight ratio of the lung, reduced the production of inflammatorymediators, and alleviated lung injury simply through differentiating into alveolar type II cells and alveolar type I cells.Western blot analysis confirmed that the protein expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1, and Hes-1 increased significantly aftersystemic BMSC transplantation. No significant difference was observed between the normal group and the normal ? BMSCGFP group. Our findings indicate that systemic transplantation of BMSCs alleviated lung injury induced bysmoke exposure, which may be associated with BMSCs’ ability to differentiate into alveolar-type cells via the Notchsignaling pathway.

Make precision medicine work for chronic kidney disease

Precision medicine is based on accurate diagnosis and tailored intervention through the use of omics and clinical data together with epidemiology and environmental exposures. Precision medicine should be achieved with minimum adverse events and maximum efficacy in patients with chronic kidney disease [CKD]. In this review, the breakthroughs of omics in CKD and the application of systems biology are reviewed. The potential role of transforming growth factor-beta[1] in the targeted intervention of renal fibrosis is discussed as an example of how to make precision medicine work for CKD

Simultaneous Detection of 13 Key Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens by Combination of Multiplex PCR and Capillary Electrophoresis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. It is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. To compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis (MPCE) assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Bordetella pertussis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Streptococcus pyogenes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three multiplex PCR reactions were built, and the products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using the high-throughput DNA analyzer. The specificity of the MPCE assay was examined and the detection limit was evaluated using DNA samples from each bacterial strain and the simulative samples of each strain. This assay was further evaluated using 152 clinical specimens and compared with real-time PCR reactions. For this assay, three nested-multiplex-PCRs were used to detect these clinical specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detection limits of the MPCE assay for the 13 pathogens were very low and ranged from 10-7 to 10-2 ng/μL. Furthermore, analysis of the 152 clinical specimens yielded a specificity ranging from 96.5%-100.0%, and a sensitivity of 100.0% for the 13 pathogens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study revealed that the MPCE assay is a rapid, reliable, and high-throughput method with high specificity and sensitivity. This assay has great potential in the molecular epidemiological survey of respiratory pathogens.</p>

Protective effects of perfluorocarbon combined with ligustrazine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of perfluorocarbon and ligustrazine in protecting the lungs against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHDS</b>Forty SD rats with ischemia-reperfusion lung injury were randomized equally into control, ligustrazine, perfluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon plus ligustrazine groups and received the corresponding treatment via the tail vein 5 min before reperfusion. The lung tissues were harvested and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected 3 h after reperfusion. The pathological changes and pathological scores of the lung tissues were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MDA and MPO levels were significantly lower and SOD activities significantly higher in the lung tissues in the 3 treatment groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The rats in the combined treatment group showed a significantly lower MPO level and a significantly higher SOD activity than those treated with ligustrazine or perfluorocarbon alone (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in TNF-α levels in the lung tissues among the 4 groups (P>0.05). The lung tissues in the control group showed obvious edema and exudation, and the tissues in ligustrazine and perfluorocarbon groups showed no edema but with a few red blood cells and exudation; no edema was found in the combined treatment group with only a small amount of exudation. The pathological scores differed significantly among the 4 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Perfluorocarbon and ligustrazine, especially in combined use, can promote endogenous oxygen free radical scavenging, decrease peripheral blood proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibit neutrophils filtration in the lungs of rats with ischemia/reperfusion lung injury.</p>

Relationship between leukocyte count and risk of hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the association between the leukocyte count and blood pressure value and hypertension risk in a Chinese community-based population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 4 188 participants who took part in the baseline examination in 1992 and the follow-up survey in 2007 from the Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study were included in this study. The relationship of leukocyte and blood pressure value and hypertension risk were evaluated by cross-sectional analyses.The prospective association between baseline leukocyte count and blood pressure changes and risk of hypertension were analyzed in 2 954 normotensive individuals at baseline examination.The associations between leukocyte count and blood pressure was evaluated with Spearman's rank correlation analyses and linear regression models,and the associations between leukocyte count and risk of hypertension was evaluated with logistic regression models.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The cross-sectional study results showed that the correlation coefficient of leukocyte count and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was 0.208 and 0.154 (both P < 0.001), respectively.Multiple linear regression analyses showed that every 1×10(9)/L increment in leukocyte count was associated with 1.41 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) systolic blood pressure increase (95% CI: 1.20-1.63 mmHg, P < 0.001) and 0.63 mmHg diastolic blood pressure increase (95% CI: 0.51-0.76 mmHg, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that every 1×10(9)/L increment in leukocyte count was associated with a 15% increased risk of hypertension (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.12-1.19, P < 0.001). (2) During 15 years of follow-up, 47.2% (1 394/2 954) normotensive individuals progressed to hypertension. Spearman's rank correlation analyses showed that, the correlation coefficient of leukocyte count and systolic blood pressure change and diastolic blood pressure change was 0.062 (P = 0.003) and 0.102 (P < 0.001), respectively.Multiple linear regression analyses showed that every 1×10(9)/L increment in baseline leukocyte count was associated with 1.03 mmHg systolic blood pressure increase (95% CI: 0.74-1.32 mmHg, P < 0.001) and 0.64 mmHg diastolic blood pressure increase (95% CI: 0.48-0.80 mmHg, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that every 1×10(9)/L increment in leukocyte count was associated with a 9% increased risk of incident hypertension (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.13, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Elevated leukocyte count is associated with increased blood pressure value and hypertension among Chinese community-based population, suggesting that inflammation may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension.</p>

Development of a reference dose for BDE-47, 99, and 209 using benchmark dose methods / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Eleven recently completed toxicological studies were critically reviewed to identify toxicologically significant endpoints and dose-response information. Dose-response data were compiled and entered into the USEPA's benchmark dose software (BMDS) for calculation of a benchmark dose (BMD) and a benchmark dose low (BMDL). After assessing 91 endpoints across the nine studies, a total of 23 of these endpoints were identified for BMD modeling, and BMDL estimates corresponding to various dose-response models were compiled for these separate endpoints. Thyroid, neurobehavior and reproductive endpoints for BDE-47, -99, -209 were quantitatively evaluated. According to methods and feature of each study, different uncertainty factor (UF) value was decided and subsequently reference doses (RfDs) were proposed. Consistent with USEPA, the lowest BMDLs of 2.10, 81.77, and 1698 µg/kg were used to develop RfDs for BDE-47, -99, and -209, respectively. RfDs for BDE-99 and BDE-209 were comparable to EPA results, and however, RfD of BDE-47 was much lower than that of EPA, which may result from that reproductive/developmental proves to be more sensitive than neurobehavior for BDE-47 and the principal study uses very-low-dose exposure.

Assessment of Exposure to Polybrominated Dipheny Ethers via Inhalation and Diet in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This paper is to assess the current status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) contamination in the environment in China and estimate the exposure to PBDEs in non-occupational populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 80 research papers published from January 2001 to October 2013 were selected. Geographic information system (GIS) was used in mapping PBDE concentrations and distributions in environmental media. Ni's model was applied to calculate ∑PBDE-intake via the intakes of contaminated food, water and air in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BDE-209 was found to be the major PBDE congener in the environmental media and food in China. PBDE concentrations varied among different areas, among which the contamination in Guangdong Province was most serious. Daily intake of ∑PBDEs was 225.1-446.0 ng/d for adults in the Pearl River Delta, which was higher than the intake for those living in the Yangtze River Delta (148.9-369.8 ng/d).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Atorvastatin can attenuate LPS-induced TNF-α expression and production by activating HO-1 via the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, suggesting that atorvastatin can be used in treatment of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, especially in those with atherosclerotic diseases.</p>

Protective effect of perfluorocarbon emulsions on rat donor lung / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of perfluorocarbon emulsions (FCE) on donor lung of rats during storage.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 350-400 g,were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups using a random number table:University of Wisconsin (UW) solution group (UW group) and FCE group (FCE group).After the model of lung perfusion was established according to the method described by Fischer et al,the lung and heart were removed and perfused with 4 ℃ UW or FCE preservation solutions.The lung was taken out when stored for 6 h for determination of SOD activity (by WST assay),malondialdehyde (MDA) content (by TBA assay),and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and content of interleukin1 β (IL-1β),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-apha (TNF-α) (using ELISA) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination of pathologic changes.Results MPO activity was significantly lower in UW group than in FCE group (P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the SOD activity and content of MDA,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion FCE can reduce the neutrophil infiltration in lung tissues,indicating that FCE is more superior to UW solution in reduction of injury to the donor lung of rats.

Effects of colloid preload on placenta stereology and cord blood S100β protein during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the optimal dose of colloid preload, which is both safe and effective, for preventing hypotension in parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five healthy, termed parturients scheduled for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to 3 colloid preload groups to receive gelofusine infusion at the rates of 5, 10, or 15 ml·kg(-1)·h(-1) (groups I, II, and III, respectively). Colloid preload was administered 10 min before spinal anesthesia and maintained until the delivery. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the parturients were monitored during the operation, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were recorded. S100β protein concentration and blood gas values of the umbilical artery were also measured. The vascular adaptation in the placental villous capillary was evaluated stereologically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At each time point of measurement, BP and HR showed no significant differences among the 3 groups during the operation (P>0.05), but within the same group, BP and HR underwent significant variations during the operation; groups II and III maintained more stable hemodynamics compared to group I. Apgar scores and blood gas analysis, pH value, and S100β protein in the umbilical artery showed no significant differences among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The 3 groups exhibited no significant differences in the length and volume density of the placental villous capillaries (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Colloid preload with gelofusine administered at the rate of 10 ml·kg(-1)·h(-1) can reduce the incidence and severity of hypotension in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with the least adverse maternal and fetal effects.</p>

Study on phenotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in myelodysplastic syndromes / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate phenotype, cell differentiation and cytogenetic properties of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) separated from the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. And to analyze cytogenetic aberration of MSC derived from MDS (MDS-MSC) and its mechanism in pathogenesis of MDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adherent MSC from both myelodysplastic (n = 22) and normal (n = 7) marrow were obtained by a stromal culture procedure. Morphological features were observed by optical microscope. The cell-surface antigens were performed by flow cytometer(FCM). Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of MSC were identified under specific induction conditions. Standard cytogenetic analysis of both hematopoietic cells and MSC were performed by trypsin-Giemsa (GTG) banding. The karyotype analysis DNA content was determined by FCM to verify the results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morphology of MDS-MSC was typical slender spindle-shaped cells, MSC obtained from MDS patients had a MSC immunophenotype, lacked the expression of hematopoietic antigens-CD34, CD45 and expressed MSC markers, such as CD73, CD90, and CD105. MDS-MSC layers showed the capability to differentiate towards adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Cytogenetic aberrations were observed in MSC from 14 (64%) MDS patients, usually involve the loss of chromosomal material (92%), and the clonal loss (7 cases, 50%). Two cases of structural aberrations were also detected. Abnormal karyotypes in MSC were still more frequently identified in abnormal hematopoietic cells group (12 out of 13, 92% vs 3 out of 9, 33%, P < 0.05). There were not exactly the same type of chromosomal aberrations between hematopoietic cells and MSC, but different type of the aberrations in the same chromosome were involved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MDS-MSC retains the phenotyping characteristics and differentiated function of normal MSC, but has different type of chromosomal abnormalities. A high proportion of loss of chromosomal may be a marker of chromosomal instability of MDS-MSC. Detection of abnormalities in MDS-MSC suggests enhanced genetic susceptibility of these cells in MDS. This may indicate potential involvement of MSC in the pathophysiology of MDS.</p>

Current understanding of iron overload hazard in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) become dependent on blood transfusions and develop into transfusional iron overload, which is exacerbated by increased absorption of dietary iron in response to ineffective erythropoiesis. However, it is uncertain whether there is an association among iron accumulation, clinical complications, and decreased likelihood of survival in MDS patients. Thereby our current understanding of the effects of transfusion dependency and iron overload in MDS are discussed. Particular emphasis should be placed on further characterizing the role of redox-active forms of labile iron and oxidative stress in iron overload, decreased life expectancy and increased risk of leukemic transformation in MDS patients with iron overload.

Tissue factor expression of platelets and leukocytes in patients with acute coronary syndromes / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the tissue factor (TF) expression of platelets and leukocytes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), patients with stable angina (SA) and healthy subjects (as controls). 26 patients with ACS, 29 patients with SA, and 25 controls were enrolled in this study. The peripheral blood samples of above-mentioned subjects were collected and isolated to obtain the monocytes and platelet-rich plasma, the TF-mRNA expression of monocytes, and platelets among 3 groups was detected by RT-PCR, the TF expression ratio of platelets, platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA) and platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMP) was detected by flow cytometry among 3 groups. The results showed that the TF mRNA expression level of platelets in ACS group were significantly higher (3.11 ± 0.51 relative expression) as compared with SA and control groups (1.88 ± 0.78 and 0.7 ± 0.1, respectively) (P = 0.03). Expression of TF mRNA of monocytes was higher in ACS group (P = 0.05 versus controls) too. ACS group had a significantly higher amount of TF-positive platelets (8.8 ± 2.6) than SA (2.6 ± 0.5, P = 0.02) or control groups (2.5 ± 0.4, P = 0.02). A significantly greater number of TF positive platelet-leukocyte aggregates and platelet-monocyte aggregates were also found by flow cytometry in blood of ACS patients than in either SA patients or controls. It is concluded that the high TF expression of platelets and leukocytes in ACS patients strengthens the platelet activation, blood coagulation, and thrombus formation and may further contribute to the hypercoagulability associated with the disease. The present study further extends the proinflammatory/prothrombotic phenotype of ACS patients showing that new players on the scene.

Function of peripheral blood Th17 cells in patients with multiple myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of peripheral blood Th17 cells and their secreting IL-17, IL-21 in the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma (MM). A total of 55 patients with MM were divided into non-remission group (group A , n = 30), remission group (group B, n = 25); healthy volunteers were used as control group (group C , n = 30). The concentration of IL-17, IL-21 and IL-6 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) culture supernatant were determined with ELISA. The ratio of Th7 cells in PBMNC was determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that IL-17, IL-21 levels and ratio of Th17 cells in group A were much higher than those in group B and C (P < 0.05), IL-17, IL-21 and the ratio of Th17 cells between group B and group C were not significantly different (P > 0.05); IL-17 level in non-remission MM group positively correlated with IL-6 level (r = 0.782, P < 0.05), IL-21 level in non-remission MM group positively correlated with IL-6 level (r = 0.778, P < 0.05). It is concluded that Th17 cells as a initiating factor may be involved in the immune pathogenesis of MM patients, promoting the progress of the disease.

p15(INK4B) methylation on prognosis and response to decitabine in patients with MDS / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect p15(INK4B) methylation levels and the kinetics of the methylation status before and after decitabine to explore its influences on prognosis and response to decitabine in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We examined 261 MDS patients (143 male and 118 female) with the median age of 52 years (32-78). Of them, 172 cases were low-risk group (low-risk 104 cases, intermediate-1 68 cases), 89 cases high-risk group (intermediate-2 52 cases, high risk 37 cases). Collections of bone marrow mononuclear cells of MDS patients and extracted the genomic DNA, the methylation status of p15(INK4B) was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) method. Survival analysis was conducted according to the level of p15(INK4B) methylation in the cohort of patients. The kinetics of the methylation levels of p15(INK4B) in 58 MDS patients before and after 2 courses of decitabine have been assessed with the method of MSP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The methylation level of p15(INK4B) in low-risk group patients was significantly lower than that in high-risk group (117.22 vs 157.63, P<0.05 ). The expected 2-year survival rate of p15(INK4B) methylation positive patients was lower than that of negative ones (91.8% vs 69.8%, P<0.05); the expected 2-year survival rate of p15(INK4B) methylation positive patients was shorter than that of negative ones in low-risk group（78.2% vs 92.0%, P<0.05）, meanwhile there was no significant difference in terms of expected 2-year survival rate and median expected survival between p15(INK4B) methylation positive and negative patients in high-risk group [35.6% vs 38.5%, (17.0±9.3) month vs (18.0±5.7) month, P>0.05]. Multivariate analysis showed p15(INK4B) methylation degree was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. No statistical difference of overall response (OR) rates were found between p15(INK4B) methylation positive patients and negative patients before decitabine（65.9% vs 76.5%, P>0.05）, and complete remission (CR) rates between these two groups also showed no statistical difference（22.0% vs 29.4%, P>0.05）. p15(INK4B) methylation levels had no obvious change before and after treatment in decitabine responders（P>0.05）.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The survival of newly diagnosed MDS patients with positive p15(INK4B) methylation was comparatively shorter, but p15(INK4B) methylation had no influence on response to decitabine.</p>